pbpb-8k_20190507.htm

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

Form 8-K

 

CURRENT REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 7, 2019

 

Potbelly Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Commission File Number: 001-36104

 

 

 

 

Delaware

 

36-4466837

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation)

 

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

111 N. Canal Street, Suite 850

Chicago, Illinois 60606

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(312) 951-0600

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

 

Trading

Symbol(s)

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value

 

PBPB

 

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

 

 

 

 

(Nasdaq Global Select Market)

 


Item 2.02.

Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On May 7, 2019, Potbelly Corporation ("Potbelly") issued a press release disclosing earnings and other financial results for its first fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019, and that as previously announced, its management would review these results in a conference call at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on May 7, 2019. The full text of the press release is furnished hereto as Exhibit 99.1.

 

Item 5.02.

Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.

 

Sue Collyns, a member of the Board of Directors (the "Board") of Potbelly and a member of the Audit Committee of the Board, resigned from the Board effective as of May 3, 2019 and withdrew as a director nominee for election at Potbelly’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 16, 2019 (the “Annual Meeting”).  Ms. Collyns indicated that her resignation is not related to any disagreement with Potbelly or with Potbelly's operations, policies, or practices.  Effective upon Ms. Collyns's resignation as a director, the size of Potbelly's Board was reduced from nine to eight directors.

 

Other than Ms. Collyns, the nominees named in Potbelly’s Proxy Statement dated April 2, 2019 will stand for election at the Annual Meeting. Notwithstanding Ms. Collyns’s resignation and withdrawal as a director nominee, the form of proxy card included in the original distribution of the Proxy Statement remains valid; however, any votes that are submitted with respect to Ms. Collyns’s nomination (either voting “For” or “Withhold”) will be disregarded.

 

Item 8.01.

Other Events.

 

As a result of her resignation as a member of the Board, Ms. Collyns will not be a nominee for election as a director at Potbelly's Annual Meeting of Shareholders on May 16, 2019.  Any shares represented at the Annual Meeting by proxy cards or voting instructions will not be voted for Ms. Collyns, but otherwise will be voted as authorized pursuant to the voting authority granted to the proxies. The proxy card or voting instruction form distributed with Potbelly's proxy statement remains valid and stockholders who have already returned their proxy card or provided voting instructions do not need to take any action in order for their shares to be voted.

 

Item 9.01.

Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d)

Exhibits.

 

Exhibit
No.

  

Description

 

 

99.1

 

Potbelly Corporation Press Release dated May 7, 2019


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

Date: May 7, 2019

 

Potbelly Corporation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

 

/s/ Thomas Fitzgerald

 

 

Name:

 

Thomas Fitzgerald

 

 

Title:

 

Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

(Principal Financial Officer)

 

pbpb-ex991_6.htm

Exhibit 99.1

POTBELLY CORPORATION REPORTS RESULTS

FOR FIRST FISCAL QUARTER 2019

Chicago, IL. May 7, 2019 – Potbelly Corporation (NASDAQ: PBPB) today reported financial results for the first fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019.

 

 

Key highlights for the thirteen weeks ended March 31, 2019 compared to the thirteen weeks ended April 1, 2018 include:

 

Total revenues decreased 4.7% to $98.1 million from $102.9 million.

 

Company-operated comparable store sales decreased 4.7%.

 

Three new shops opened, including one new company-operated shop and two franchised shops; eight shops closed, including seven company-operated shops and one franchised shop.

 

GAAP net loss attributable to Potbelly Corporation was $18.4 million, inclusive of a $13.6 million charge related to a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, and a $0.0 impairment charge compared to a loss of $2.2 million, inclusive of a $0.0 million charge related to a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, and a $2.0 million impairment charge. GAAP diluted loss per share was $0.76 compared to a GAAP diluted loss per share of $0.09.

 

Adjusted net loss1 attributable to Potbelly Corporation was $3.0 million compared to adjusted net income of $0.7 million. Adjusted diluted EPS1 was a loss of $0.12 compared to adjusted diluted EPS of $0.03.

 

EBITDA1 decreased to $0.7 million from $3.2 million.

 

Adjusted EBITDA1 decreased to $3.9 million from $7.6 million.

 

Alan Johnson, President and Chief Executive Officer of Potbelly Corporation, commented, "Our company-operated same store sales were negatively impacted by the government shutdown and the unseasonably cold temperatures across our key markets during the first half of the first quarter. Consequently, we delivered revenue of $98.1 million, adjusted EBITDA of $3.9 million, and adjusted net loss of $0.12 per share in the first quarter of 2019.”

 

Johnson continued, “Despite the soft start to the year, we maintain our relentless focus on executing our strategic initiatives to turn around the business. We are encouraged by the many initiatives that are working, led by our menu optimization initiative which has exceeded our expectations, consistent growth in our off-premise business, growth in our Potbelly Perks registrants and greater customer engagement and loyalty, and the significant progress we have made in the development of our Shop of the Future concept.  We are encouraged by the positive momentum in our franchise pipeline in the first quarter, where we signed two new franchisees with plans to open over 20 new shops over the next few years, which is about half the number of domestic units we have today.  Unfortunately, the incremental advertising investment that we launched in the second quarter has not generated the expected returns.  As a result, we are taking a step back to assess our marketing effort, and we expect to take our learnings and apply them with a fresh approach to drive a more productive outcome.”

 

2019 Outlook

For the full fiscal year of 2019, management currently expects:

 

12-18 total shop openings, including 6-8 company-operated shop openings;

 

15-22 total shop closures, including 9-12 company-operated shop closures;

1


 

Flat to low-single digit decrease in company-operated comparable store sales; and

 

Adjusted EBITDA between $25.0-$30.0 million, excluding the impact of ASC 842.

 

Projected adjusted EBITDA set forth above is a measure not recognized under GAAP. Please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

 

 

Conference Call

A conference call and audio webcast has been scheduled for 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time today to discuss these results. Details of the conference call are as follows:

 

 

 

 

Date:

 

Tuesday, May 7, 2019

Time:

 

5:00 p.m. Eastern Time

Dial-In #:

 

877-407-0784 U.S. & Canada

 

 

201-689-8560  International

Confirmation code:

 

13689666

Alternatively, the conference call will be webcast at www.potbelly.com on the “Investor Relations” webpage. For those unable to participate, an audio replay will be available from 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday, May 7, 2019 through midnight Tuesday, May 14, 2019. To access the replay, please call 844-512-2921 (U.S. & Canada) or 412-317-6671 (International) and enter confirmation code 13689666.  A web-based archive of the conference call will also be available at the above website.

 

 

About Potbelly

Potbelly Corporation is a neighborhood sandwich concept that has been feeding customers’ smiles with warm, toasty sandwiches, signature salads, hand-dipped shakes and other fresh menu items, customized just the way customers want them, for more than 40 years.  Potbelly promises Fresh, Fast & Friendly service in an environment that reflects the local neighborhood.  Since opening its first shop in Chicago in 1977, Potbelly has expanded to neighborhoods across the country - with more than 400 company-owned shops in the United States. Additionally, Potbelly franchisees operate approximately 50 shops domestically and in the Middle East. For more information, please visit our website at www.potbelly.com.

 

 

Definitions

The following definitions apply to these terms as used throughout this press release:

 

Revenues – represents net company-operated sandwich shop sales and our franchise operations. Net company-operated shop sales consist of food and beverage sales, net of promotional allowances and employee meals. Franchise royalties and fees consist of an initial franchise fee, a franchise development agreement fee and royalty income from the franchisee.

 

Company-operated comparable store sales – represents the change in year-over-year sales for the comparable company-operated store base open for 15 months or longer.

 

EBITDA – represents income before depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense and the provision for income taxes.

 

Adjusted EBITDA – represents income before depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense and the provision for income taxes, adjusted to eliminate the impact of other items, including certain non-cash as well as other items that we do not consider representative of our ongoing operating performance.

 

Adjusted net income (loss) – represents net income (loss), excluding impairment, gain or loss on the disposal of property and equipment and store closure expense, as well as other items that we do not consider representative of our ongoing operating performance.

 

Shop-level profit – represents income (loss) from operations less franchise royalties and fees, general and administrative expenses, depreciation expense, pre-opening costs and impairment and loss on the disposal of property and equipment.

 

Shop-level profit margin – represents shop-level profit expressed as a percentage of net company-operated sandwich shop sales.

2


 

Adjusted diluted earnings per share – represents net income (loss), excluding impairment, gain or loss on the disposal of property and equipment and store closure expense on a fully diluted per share basis as well as other items that we do not consider representative of our ongoing operating performance.

 

 

1Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). Within this press release, we make reference to EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, shop-level profit and shop-level profit margin, which are non-GAAP financial measures. The Company includes these non-GAAP financial measures because management believes they are useful to investors in that they provide for greater transparency with respect to supplemental information used by management in its financial and operational decision making.

Management uses adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income to evaluate the Company’s performance and in order to have comparable financial results to analyze changes in our underlying business from quarter to quarter. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income exclude the impact of certain non-cash charges and other special items that affect the comparability of results in past quarters. Management uses shop-level profit and shop-level profit margin as key metrics to evaluate the profitability of incremental sales at our shops, to evaluate our shop performance across periods and to evaluate our shop financial performance against our competitors.

Accordingly, the Company believes the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures, when used in conjunction with GAAP financial measures, is a useful financial analysis tool that can assist investors in assessing the Company’s operating performance and underlying prospects. This analysis should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. This analysis, as well as the other information in this press release, should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and footnotes contained in the documents that the Company files with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The non-GAAP financial measures used by the Company in this press release may be different from the methods used by other companies. For more information on the non-GAAP financial measures, please refer to the table, “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to GAAP Financial Measures.”

 

This press release includes certain non-GAAP forward-looking information (including, but not limited to under the heading “2018 Outlook”), namely adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share. The Company believes that a quantitative reconciliation of such forward-looking information to the most comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP cannot be made available without unreasonable efforts. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures would require the Company to predict the timing and likelihood of outcomes that determine future impairments and the tax benefit of any such future impairments. Neither of these measures, nor their probable significance, can be reliably quantified due to the inability to forecast future impairments.

 

 


3


Forward-Looking Statements

In addition to historical information, this press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements, written, oral or otherwise made, represent the Company’s expectation or belief concerning future events. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “intends,” “plans,” “strives,” “goal,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “projects” or “anticipates” or the negative of these terms and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may include, among others, statements relating to: our future financial position and results of operations, business strategy, budgets, projected costs and plans and objectives of management for future operations. By nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied by the forward-looking statement, due to reasons including, but not limited to, competition; general economic conditions; our ability to successfully implement our business strategy; the success of our initiatives to increase sales and traffic; changes in commodity, energy and other costs; our ability to attract and retain management and employees; consumer reaction to industry-related public health issues and perceptions of food safety; our ability to manage our growth; reputational and brand issues; price and availability of commodities; consumer confidence and spending patterns; and weather conditions. In addition, there may be other factors of which we are presently unaware or that we currently deem immaterial that could cause our actual results to be materially different from the results referenced in the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements contained in this press release are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations are reasonable, we may not achieve our plans, intentions or expectations. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and currently available data and are neither predictions nor guarantees of future events or performance. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. See “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Statements” included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and other risk factors described from time to time in subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are available on our website at www.potbelly.com. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law.

 

###

 

 

 

 

Contact:

 

Investor Relations

 

 

 

 

Investors@Potbelly.com

 

 

 

 

312-428-2950

4


Potbelly Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Margin Analysis – Unaudited

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

 

 

For the 13 Weeks Ended

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

% of

 

 

April 1,

 

 

% of

 

 

 

2019

 

 

Revenue

 

 

2018

 

 

Revenue

 

Revenues

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sandwich shop sales, net

 

$

97,258

 

 

 

99.2

%

 

$

102,247

 

 

 

99.3

%

Franchise royalties and fees

 

 

829

 

 

 

0.8

 

 

 

670

 

 

 

0.7

 

Total revenues

 

 

98,087

 

 

 

100.0

 

 

 

102,917

 

 

 

100.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sandwich shop operating expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of goods sold, excluding depreciation

 

 

25,978

 

 

 

26.5

 

 

 

26,636

 

 

 

25.9

 

Labor and related expenses

 

 

31,973

 

 

 

32.6

 

 

 

31,579

 

 

 

30.7

 

Occupancy expenses

 

 

14,377

 

 

 

14.7

 

 

 

14,726

 

 

 

14.3

 

Other operating expenses

 

 

12,145

 

 

 

12.4

 

 

 

12,500

 

 

 

12.1

 

General and administrative expenses

 

 

12,709

 

 

 

13.0

 

 

 

12,188

 

 

 

11.8

 

Depreciation expense

 

 

5,536

 

 

 

5.6

 

 

 

5,826

 

 

 

5.7

 

Pre-opening costs

 

 

10

 

 

*

 

 

 

68

 

 

*

 

Impairment and loss on disposal of property and equipment

 

 

82

 

 

*

 

 

 

2,024

 

 

 

2.0

 

Total expenses

 

 

102,810

 

 

>100

 

 

 

105,547

 

 

>100

 

Loss from operations

 

 

(4,723

)

 

 

(4.8

)

 

 

(2,630

)

 

 

(2.6

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest expense

 

 

32

 

 

*

 

 

 

27

 

 

*

 

Loss before income taxes

 

 

(4,755

)

 

 

(4.8

)

 

 

(2,657

)

 

 

(2.6

)

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

 

13,619

 

 

 

13.9

 

 

 

(504

)

 

 

(0.5

)

Net loss

 

 

(18,374

)

 

 

(18.7

)

 

 

(2,153

)

 

 

(2.1

)

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

 

 

65

 

 

*

 

 

 

41

 

 

*

 

Net loss attributable to Potbelly Corporation

 

$

(18,439

)

 

 

(18.8

)%

 

$

(2,194

)

 

 

(2.1

)%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss per common share attributable to common shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

$

(0.76

)

 

 

 

 

 

$

(0.09

)

 

 

 

 

Diluted

 

$

(0.76

)

 

 

 

 

 

$

(0.09

)

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

24,133,038

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25,144,855

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted

 

 

24,133,038

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

25,144,855

 

 

 

 

 

_________________

*

Amount is less than 0.1%

 

5


Potbelly Corporation

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to GAAP Financial Measures – Unaudited

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

 

 

For the 13 Weeks Ended

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

April 1,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Net loss attributable to Potbelly Corporation, as reported

 

$

(18,439

)

 

$

(2,194

)

Impairment, loss on disposal of property and equipment and shop closures(1)

 

 

2,438

 

 

 

2,598

 

CEO transition costs(2)

 

 

 

 

 

342

 

Proxy related costs(3)

 

 

(127

)

 

 

608

 

Restructuring costs(4)

 

 

345

 

 

 

 

Income tax valuation allowance(5)

 

 

13,385

 

 

 

 

Tax impact(6)

 

 

(611

)

 

 

(694

)

Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to Potbelly Corporation

 

$

(3,009

)

 

$

660

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss attributable to Potbelly Corporation per share, basic

 

$

(0.76

)

 

$

(0.09

)

Net loss attributable to Potbelly Corporation per share, diluted

 

$

(0.76

)

 

$

(0.09

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to Potbelly Corporation per share, basic

 

$

(0.12

)

 

$

0.03

 

Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to Potbelly Corporation per share, diluted

 

$

(0.12

)

 

$

0.03

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shares used in computing adjusted net income attributable to Potbelly Corporation:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

24,133,038

 

 

 

25,144,855

 

Diluted

 

 

24,133,038

 

 

 

25,874,763

 

 

 

 

For the 13 Weeks Ended

 

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

April 1,

 

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

Net loss attributable to Potbelly Corporation, as reported

 

$

(18,439

)

 

$

(2,194

)

 

Depreciation expense

 

 

5,536

 

 

 

5,826

 

 

Interest expense

 

 

32

 

 

 

27

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

 

13,619

 

 

 

(504

)

 

EBITDA

 

$

748

 

 

$

3,155

 

 

Impairment, loss on disposal of property and equipment and shop closures(1)

 

 

2,438

 

 

 

2,598

 

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

459

 

 

 

862

 

 

CEO transition costs(2)

 

 

 

 

 

342

 

 

Proxy related costs(3)

 

 

(127

)

 

 

608

 

 

Restructuring costs(4)

 

 

345

 

 

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

 

$

3,863

 

 

$

7,565

 

 

6


Potbelly Corporation

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to GAAP Financial Measures – Unaudited

(Amounts in thousands, except selected operating data)

 

 

For the 13 Weeks Ended

 

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

April 1,

 

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

Loss from operations

 

$

(4,723

)

 

$

(2,630

)

 

Less: Franchise royalties and fees

 

 

829

 

 

 

670

 

 

General and administrative expenses

 

 

12,709

 

 

 

12,188

 

 

Depreciation expense

 

 

5,536

 

 

 

5,826

 

 

Pre-opening costs

 

 

10

 

 

 

68

 

 

Impairment and loss on disposal of property and equipment

 

 

82

 

 

 

2,024

 

 

Shop-level profit [Y]

 

$

12,785

 

 

$

16,806

 

 

Total revenues

 

$

98,087

 

 

$

102,917

 

 

Less: Franchise royalties and fees

 

 

829

 

 

 

670

 

 

Sandwich shop sales, net [X]

 

$

97,258

 

 

$

102,247

 

 

Shop-level profit margin [Y÷X]

 

 

13.1

%

 

 

16.4

%

 

 

 

For the 13 Weeks Ended

 

 

 

March 31,

 

April 1,

 

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

Selected Operating Data

 

 

 

 

 

Shop Activity:

 

 

 

 

 

Company-operated shops, end of period

 

431

 

438

 

Franchise shops, end of period

 

50

 

57

 

Revenue Data:

 

 

 

 

 

Company-operated comparable store sales

 

(4.7)%

 

(3.6)%

 

7


Footnotes to the Press Release, Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to GAAP Financial Measures

& Selected Operating Data

 

(1)

This adjustment includes costs related to impairment of long-lived assets, loss on disposal of property and equipment and shop closure expenses. Shop closure expenses are recorded in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

(2)

The Company incurred certain costs related to the transition between the current and former CEO in 2018. Transition costs were included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and were related to the accelerated vesting of share-based compensation awards, salary related charges in accordance with the former CEO’s employment agreement, relocation related charges, and various other transition costs.

(3)

The Company incurred certain professional and other costs and associated benefits related to the shareholder proxy matter. These costs and benefits were included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

(4)

The Company incurred certain restructuring costs related to severance and other costs that were included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

(5)

The Company recorded a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets during the first quarter of 2019.

(6)

For the thirteen weeks ended March 31, 2019 and April 1, 2018, the tax impact associated with adjustments to net income is based on effective tax rate, before valuation allowance, of 23.0%, partially offset by the impact of ASU 2016-09.

 

8